New World Order in Conspiracy Theory free essay sample

This article is about the use of the term New World Order in conspiracy theory. For other uses, see New World Order (disambiguation). The reverse side of the Great Seal of the United States (1776). The Latin phrase novus ordo seclorum, appearing on the reverse side of the Great Seal since 1782 and on the back of the U. S one-dollar bill since 1935, means New Order of the Ages and only alludes to the beginning of an era where the United States of America is an independent nation-state, but is often improperly translated by conspiracy theorists as New World Order. l] In conspiracy theory, the term New World Order or NWO refers to the emergence of a bureaucratic collectivist one-world government. [2][3][4][5][6] The common theme in conspiracy theories about a New World Order is that a secretive power elite with a globalist agenda is conspiring to eventually rule the world through an authoritarian world government, which replaces sovereign nation-states, and an all-embracing ideology, wh ich indoctrinates cosmopolitanism. Significant occurrences in politics and finance are speculated to be orchestrated by an extremely influential cabaloperating through many front organizations. Numerous historical and current events are seen as steps in an on-going plot to achieve world domination through secret political gatherings and decision-making Prior to the early 1990s, New World Order conspiracism was limited to two American countercultures, primarily the militantly anti-government right, and secondarily fundamentalist Christians concerned with end-time emergence of the Antichrist. 7] Skeptics, such as Michael Barkun andChip Berlet, have expressed concern that right-wing conspiracy theories about a New World Order have now not only been embraced by many left-wing conspiracy theorists but have seeped nto popular culture, thereby inaugurating an unrivaled period of people actively preparing for apocalypticmillenarian scenarios in the United States of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. These political scientists warn that this mass hysteria may not only fuel lone-wolf terrorism but have devastating effects on American political such as the far right wooing the far left into Joining a revolutionary Third Position movement capable of subverting the established political powers. [3][9] Contents [hide] * 1 History of the term * 2 Conspiracy theories * 2. 1 End Time * 2. 2 Freemasonry * 2. Illuminati * 2. 4 Protocols of the Elders of Zion 2. 5 Round Table * 2. 6 Open Conspiracy * 2. 7 New Age * 2. Fourth Reich * 2. 9 Alien Invasion * 2. 10 Brave New World * 3 Postulated implementations 3. 1 Gradualism * 3. 2 Coup d ©tat * 3. 3 Mass surveillance * 3. 4 Occultism * 3. 5 Population control * 3. 6 Mind control * 4 Alleged conspirators * 5 Criticism * 6 Literature * 7 In popular culture * 8 References I History of the term During the 20th century, many statesmen, such as Woodrow Wilson and Winston evidencing a dramatic change in world political thought and the balance of o wer after World War I andWorld War II. They all saw these periods as opportunities to implement idealistic or liberal proposals for global governance only in the sense of new collective efforts to identify, understand, or address worldwide problems that go beyond the capacity of individualnation-states to solve. These proposals led to the creation of international organizations, such as the United Nations and NATO, and international regimes, such as the Bretton Woods system and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which were calculated both to maintain a balance of power as ell as regularize cooperation between nations, in order to achieve a peaceful phase of capitalism. These creations in particular and internationalism in general, however, would always be criticized and opposed by the American Old Right on isolationist grounds and by the New Right on benevolent imperalist grounds. [10] In the aftermath of the two World Wars, progressives welcomed these new international organizations and regimes but argued they suffered from a democratic deficit and therefore were inadequate to not only prevent another global war but also foster global Justice. Thus, activists around he globe formed a world federalist movement bent on creating a real new world order. [11] In the 1940s, British writer and futurist H. G. Wells would go further by appropriating and redefining the term new world order as a synonym for the establishment of a scientifically-managed world state and socialist economy. 12] During the Red Scare of 1947-1957, conspiracy theorists of the American secular and Christian right increasingly embraced and mongered unfounded fears of Freemasons, Illuminati, and Jews being the driving force behind an international communist conspiracy. The threat ofworld communism in the form of a state theistic and bureaucratic collectivist world government, demonized as a Red Menace, therefore became the main focus of apocalyptic millenarian conspiracism. 13] In the 1960s, right-wing populist individuals and groups with a producerist worldview, such as members of the John Birch Society, disseminated a great deal of conspiracy theories claimi ng that the governments of both the United States and the Soviet Union were controlled by a cabal of corporate internationalists, greedy bankers and corrupt politicians intent on using the United Nations as the vehicle to create the One World Government. These unfounded fears would fuel the Bircher campaign for U. S. withdrawal from the U. N.. American writer Mary M. Davison, in her 1966 booklet The Profound Revolution, traced the alleged New World Order conspiracy to the creation of the U. S. Federal Reserve System in 1913 byinternational bankers, who she claimed later formed the Council on Foreign Relations in 1921 as the shadow government. At the time the booklet was published, international bankers would have been interpreted by many readers as a reference to a postulated international Jewish banking conspiracy masterminded by the Rothschilds. 3] Claiming that the term New World Order is used by a secretive elite dedicated to the destruction of all national sovereignties, American producerist writer Gary Allen, in his 1971 bookNone Dare Call It Conspiracy, 1974 book Rockefeller: Campaigning for the New World Order and 1987 book Say No! to the New World Order, articulated the anti-globalist theme of much current right-wing main demonized scapegoat of the American far right shifted seamlessly fromcrypto- communists who plotted on behalf of the Red Menace to globalists who plot on behalf of the New World Order. The relatively painless nature of the shift was due to rowing right-wing opposition to the globalization of capitalism but also in part to the basic underlying apocalyptic millenarian paradigm, which fed the Cold War and the witch-hunts of the McCarthy period. [13] In his 11 September 1990 Toward a New World Order speech to a Joint session of the U. S. Congress, President George H. W. Bush described his objectives for post-cold-War global governance in cooperation with post-Soviet states: Until now, the world weve known has been a world divided† a world of barbed wire and concrete block, conflict and cold war. Now, we can see a new world coming into view. A world in which there is the very real prospect of a new world order. In the words of Winston Churchill, a world order in which the principles of Justice and fair play protect the weak against the strong A world where the United Nations, freed from cold war stalemate, is poised to fulfill the historic vision of its founders. A world in which freedom and respect for human rights find a home among all nations. The New York Times observed that progressives were calling the new world order a rationalization for American imperial ambitions in the Middle East, while conservatives rejected new security rrangements altogether and fulminated about any possibility of U. N. revival. [14] However, Chip Berlet, an Ame rican investigative reporter specializing in the study of right-wingmovements in the U. S. , writes: When President Bush announced his new foreign policy would help build a New World Order, his phrasing surged through the Christian and secular hard right like an electric shock, since the phrase had been used to represent the dreaded collectivist One World Government for decades. Some Christians saw Bush as signaling the End Times betrayal by a world leader. Secular anticommunists saw a bold attempt to smash US sovereignty and impose a tyrannical collectivist system run by the United Nations. 13] American televangelist Pat Robertson with his 1991 best-selling book The New World Order became the most prominent Christian popularizer of conspiracy theories about recent American history as a theater in which Wall Street, the Federal Reserve System, Council on Foreign Relations, Bilderberg Group, and Trilateral Commission control the flow of events from behind the scenes, nudging us constantly and covertly in the direction of world government for the Antichrist. ] Observers n ote that the galvanization of right-wing populist conspiracy theorists, such as Linda Thompson, Mark Koernke and Robert K. Spear, into militancy led to the rise of the militia movement, which spread its anti-government ideology through speeches at rallies and meetings, through books and videotapes sold at gun shows, through shortwave and satellite radio, and through fax networks and computer bulletin boards. 13] However, viral propaganda on the Internet is what most effectively contributed to their extremist political ideas about the New World Order finding their ay into the far left literature of some black nationalists, but also the previously apolitical literature of many Kennedy assassinologists, ufologists, lost land theorists, and, most recently, occultists. The worldwide appeal of these subcultures then transmitted New World Order conspiracism like a mind virus to a large new Europe, National-Anarchism, a radical right-wing ideology articulated by British post- Third-position activist Troy Southgate, called for a insurrection against, and secession from, the Zionist, capitalist New World Order. [1 National- anarchists see a convergence in the near-future between the decentralist eft and decentralist right rising to combat the political and economic centralization of the New World Order. 17] After the turn of the century, specifically during the financial crisis of 2007-2010, many politicians and pundits, such as Gordon Brown,[18] and Henry Kissinger,[19] used the term new world order in their advocacy for a Keynesian reform of the global financial system and their calls for a New Bretton Woods, which takes into account emerging markets such as Chinaand India. These declarations had the unintended consequence of providing fresh fodder for New World Order conspiracism, and culminated in former Clinton dministration adviser Dick Morris and conservative talk show host Sean Hannity arguing on his Fox News Channel program Hannity that conspiracy theorists were right. 20] Fox News in general, and its opinion show Glenn Beck in particular, have been repeatedly criticized by progressive media watchdog groups for not only mainstreaming the New World Order conspiracy theories of the radical right but possibly agitating its lone wolves into In 2009, American film directors Luke Meyer and Andrew Neel released New World Order, a critically- acclaimed documentary film which explores the world of conspiracy theorists, such s American radio host Alex Jones, who are committed to exposing and vigorously opposing what they perceive to be an emerging New World Order. 25] Conspiracy theories There are numerous systemic conspiracy theories through which the con cept of a New World Order is viewed. The following is a list of the major ones in relatively chronological order:[26] End Time For over 2,000 years, apocalyptic millenarian Christian theologians and laymen have feared a globalist conspiracy as the fulfillment of prophecies about the end time in the Bible, specifically in the Book of Ezekiel, the Book of Daniel, the Olivet iscourse found in the Synoptic Gospels, and the Book of Revelation. They assert that human and demonic agents of the Devil are involved in a primordial plot to deceive humanity into accepting a satanic world theocracy that has the Unholy Trinity † Satan, the Antichrist and the False Prophet † at the core of an imperial cult. In many contemporary Christian conspiracy theories, the False Prophet will either be the last pope of the Catholic Church (groomed and installed by an Alta Vendita or Jesuit conspiracy) or a guru from the New Age movement or even the leader of a fundamentalist Christian organization like The Fellowship, while the Antichrist will either be thepresident of the European Union or the secretary-general of the United Nations or even a supercomputer. [5] Some of the most vocal critics of end-time conspiracy theories come from within Christianity. [13] In 1993, American historian Bruce Barron wrote a stern rebuke of apocalyptic Christian conspiracism in the Christian Research Journal, when reviewing American televangelist Pat Robertsons 1991 book The New World Order. 27] Another critique can be found in and End-Times Paranoia,[2] which has been described as impressive both as a istorical and theological Camp warns of the very real danger that Christians could pick up some extra spiritual baggage by credulously embracing conspiracy theories. [2] Progressive Christians, such as American preacher- theologian Peter J. Gomes, argue that the Bible must be read carefully to avoid misusing the text to legitimize ideological prejudices in the dominant culture. 28]They caution conservative Christians that a sp irit of fear can distort scripture and history by dangerously combining biblical literalism, apocalyptic timetables, demonization, and oppressive prejudices, such s sexism, homophobia, classism, xenophobia, racism, and antisemitism. [29] They therefore call on Christians to repent for indulging in More broadly, preterist Christians argue that some or all of the biblical prophecies concerning the end time refer literally or metaphorically to events which already happened in the first century after Jesus birth. In their view, the end time concept refers to the end of the covenant between God and Israel, rather than the end of time, or the end of planet Earth. They argue that prophecies about the Rapture, the defiling of the Temple, the destruction of Jerusalem, the Antichrist, he Number of the Beast, the Tribulation, the Second Coming, the Last Judgment, and the resurrection of the dead were fulfilled at or about the year 70 when the Roman general (and future Emperor) Titus sacked Jerusalem and destroyed the Second Temple of Jerusalem, putting a permanent stop to the daily animal sacrifices. According to Preterists, many passages in the New Testament indicate with apparent certainty that the second coming of Christ, and the end time predicted in the Bible were to take place within the lifetimes of Jesus disciples rather than millennia later: Matt. 10:23, Matt. 16:28, Matt. 24:34, Matt. 6:64, Rom. 13M 1-12, 1 cor. 7:29-31, 1 Cor. 10:11, Phil. 4:5, James 5:8-9, 1 Pet. 4:7, 1 Jn. 2:18. Ultimately, full Preterists argue that all Christians should reject apocalyptic eschatology and embrace realized eschatology. 32] Freemasonry Anti-Masonic conspiracy theorists believe that high-ranking Freemasons are involved in conspiracies to create an occult New World Order. They claim that some of the Founding Fathers of the United States, such as George Washington and Benjamin Franklin, had Masonic symbolism interwoven into American society, particularly in the Great Seal of the United States, the United States ne-dollar bill, the architecture of National Mall landmarks, and the streets and highways of Washington, D. C.. Conspiracy theorists speculate that American Freemasons used the power of the occult to bind their planning of a government in conformity with the plan of the Great Architect of the Universe because of their belief that the Masonic God has tasked the United States with the eventual establishment of the Kingdom of God on Earth † a Masonic world theocracy with New Jerusalem as its capital city and the Third Temple as its holiest site. [33] Freemasons rebut these claims of Masonic conspiracy. They assert that Freemasonry, which promotes a balance between rationalism andmysticism through a system of degrees of initiation and the use of sacred geometry in art and architecture, view the drawing of symbols, no matter how large, as an act of consolidating or controlling power. [35] Furthermore, there is no published information establishing the Masonic membership of the men responsible for the design of the Great Seal or the street plan of Washington, D. C. [36] The Latin phrase novus ordo seclorum, appearing on the reverse side of the Great Seal since 1782 and on the back of the ne-dollar bill since 1935, means New Order of the Ages and only alludes to the beginning of an era where the United States is an independent nation-state, but is often improperly translated by conspiracy theorists as New World Order or New Secular Order . 1] Lastly, Freemasons argue that, despite the symbolic importance of the Temple of Solomon in their mythology, they have no interest in rebuilding it, especially since it is obvious that any attempt to interfere with the present condition of things [on the Temple Mount] would in all probability bring about the greatest eligious war the world has ever known . [37] More broadly, Freemasons assert that a long-standing rule within regular Freemasonry is a prohibition on the discussion of politics in aMasonic Lodge and the participation of lodges or Masonic bodies in political pursuits. Freemasonry has no politics, but it teaches its members to be of high moral character and active citizens. The accusation that Freemasonry has a hidden agenda to establish a Masonic government ignores several facts. While agreeing on certain Masonic Landmarks, the many independent and sovereign Grand Lodges act as such, and do not agree on many other points of belief and practice. Also, as can be seen from a survey of famous Freemasons, individual Freemasons hold beliefs that span the spectrum of politics. The term Masonic government has no meaning since individual Freemasons hold many different opinions on what constitutes a good government, and Freemasonry as a body has no opinion on the topic. [38] Ultimately, Freemasons argue that even if it were proven that influential individuals have used and are using Masonic Lodges to engage in crypto-politics, uch as was the case with the illegal Italian Lodge Propaganda Due, this would represent a cooptation of Freemasonry rather than evidence of its hidden agenda. 39] Illuminati The Order of the Illuminati was an Enlightenment-age secret society founded on 1 May 1776, in Ingolstadt (Upper Bavaria), by Adam Weishaupt, who was the first lay professor of canon law at the University of Ingolstadt. The movement consisted of advocates of freethought, secularism, liberalism, republicanism and gender equality, recruited in the Masonic Lodges of Germany, who sought to teach rationalism through mystery schools. In 1785, the order was infiltrated, broken up and suppressed by the government agents of Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria, in his preemptive campaign to neutralize the threat of secret societies ever becoming hotbeds of conspiracies to overthrow the Bavarian monarchy and its state religion,Roman Catholicism. [40] In the late 18th century, reactionary conspiracy theorists, such as Scottish physicist John Robison and French Jesuit priest Augustin Barruel, began speculating that the Illuminati survived their suppression and became the masterminds behind the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror. The Illuminati were accused of being subversives who were attempting to secretly orchestrate a world revolution in order to globalize the most radical ideals of the the 19th century, fear of an Illuminati conspiracy was a real concern of European ruling classes, and their oppressive reactions to this unfounded fear provoked in 1848 the very revolutions they sought to prevent. 41] During the interwar period of the 20th century, fascist propagandists, such as British revisionist historian Nesta Helen Webster and American socialite Edith Starr Miller, not only popularized the myth of an Illuminati conspiracy but claimed that it was a subversive ecret society which serves the Jewish elites that supposedly propped up both finance capitalismand Soviet communism in order to divide and rule the world. American evangelist Gerald Burton Winrod and other conspiracy theorists within the fundamentalist Christian movement in the United States, which emerged in the 1910s as a backlash against the principles of Enlightenment secular humanism, modernism, and liberalism, became the main channel of dissemination of Illuminati conspiracy theories in America. Right-wing populists subsequently began speculating that some collegiate fraternities, gentlemens clubs and think tanks of he American upper class are front organizations of the Illuminati, which they accuse of plotting to create a New World Order through a one-world government. 5] Skeptics argue that evidence would suggest that the Bavarian Illuminati was nothing more than a curious historical footnote since there is no evidence that the Illuminati survived its suppression in 1785. [41] Protocols of the Elders of Zion The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is an antisemitic canard, originally published in Russian in 1903, alleging a Judeo-M asonic conspiracy to achieve world domination. The text purports to be the minutes of the secret meetings of a cabal of Jewish masterminds, which has coopted Freemasonry and is plotting to rule the world on behalf of all Jews because they believe themselves to be the chosen people of God. [42] The Protocols incorporate many of the core conspiracist themes outlined in the Robison and Barruel attacks on the Freemasons, and overlay them with antisemitic allegations about anti-Tsarist movements in Russia. The Protocols reflect themes similar to more general critiques of Enlightenment liberalism byconservatives who support monarchies and state religions. The interpretation intended by the publication of The Protocols is that if one peels away the layers of the Masonic conspiracy, past the Illuminati, one finds the rotten Jewish core. [13] The Protocols has been proven by polemicists, such as Irish Journalist Philip Graves in a 1921 The Times article, and British academic Norman Cohn in his 1967 book Warrant for Genocide, to be both a hoax and a clear case of plagiarism. There is general agreement that Russian-French writer and political activist Matvei Golovinski fabricated the text for Okhrana, the secret police of the Russian Empire, as work of counter-revolutionary propaganda prior to the 1905 Russian Revolution, by plagiarizing it, almost word for word in some passages, from The Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu, a 19th century satire against Napoleon Ill of France written by French political satirist and Legitimist militant Maurice Joly. 43] Responsible for feeding many antisemitic and anti-Masonic mass hysterias of the 20th century, The Protocols is widely considered to be influential in the development of conspiracy theories related to a New World Order (such as the notion of a Zionist Occupation Government), and reappears repeatedly in contemporary conspiracy and the Holy Grail concluded that The Protocols was the most persuasive piece of evidence for the existence and activities of the Priory of Sion. They speculated that this secret society was working behind the scenes to establish a theocratic United States of Europe. Politically and religiously unified through the imperial cult of a Merovingian sacred king † supposedly descended from a Jesus bloodline † who occupies both the throne of Europe and the Holy See, this Holy European Empire would become the hyperpower of the 21st century. 4] Although the Priory of Sion, itself, has been exhaustively debunked by Journalists and scholars as a hoax, [45] fringe Christian eschatologistsconcerned with the emergence of a New World Order became convinced that the Priory of Sion was a fulfillment of prophecies found in the Book of Revelation and further proof of an anti-Christian conspiracy of epic proportions. [46] Skeptics argue that the current gambit of contemporary conspiracy theorists who use The Protocols is to claim that they really come from some group other than the Jews such asalien invaders or fallen angels. Although it is hard to determine whether the conspiracy-minded actually believe this or are simply trying to sanitize a discredited text, skeptics argue that it doesnt make much difference, since they leave the actual, antisemitic text unchanged. The result is to give The Protocols credibility and circulation when it deserves neither. [7] Round Table English-born South African businessman, mining magnate, and politician Cecil Rhodes advocated the British Empire reannexing the United States of America and reforming itself into an Imperial Federation to bring about a hyperpower and lasting world peace. In his first will, of 1877, written at the age of 23, he expressed his wish to fund a secret society (known as theSociety of the Elect) that would advance this goal: To and for the establishment, promotion and development of a Secret Society, the true aim and object whereof shall be for the extension of British rule throughout the world, the perfecting of a system of emigration from the United Kingdom, and of colonisation by British subjects of all lands where the means of livelihood are attainable by energy, labour and enterprise, and especially the occupation by British settlers of the entire Continent of Africa, the Holy Land, the Valley of the Euphrates, the Islands of Cyprus and Candia, the whole of South America, the Islands of the Pacific not heretofore possessed by Great Britain, the whole of the Malay Archipelago, the seaboard of China and Japan, the ultimate recovery of the United States of America as an integral part of the British Empire, the inauguration of a system of Colonial representation in the Imperial Parliament which may tend to weld together the disjointed members of the Empire and, finally, the foundation of so great a Power as to render wars impossible, and promote the best interests of humanity. 7] In his later wills, a more mature Rhodes abandoned the idea and instead concentrated on what became the Rhodes Scholarship, which had British statesman Alfred Milner as one of its trustees. Established in 1902, the original goal of the trust fund was to foster peace among the great powers by creating a sense of fraternity and a shared world view among future British, American, and German leader s by having enabled them to study for free at the University of Oxford. 47] Milner and British official Lionel George Curtis were the architects of the Round Table movement, a network of organizations promoting closer he Royal Institute of International Affairs in June 1919 and, with his 1938 book The Commonwealth of God, began advocating for the creation of an imperial federation that eventually reannexes the U. S. , which would be presented to Protestant churches as being the work of the Christian God to elicit their support. 48] TheCommonwealth of Nations was created in 1949 but it would only be a free association of independent states rather than the powerful imperial federation imagined by Rhodes, Milner and Curtis. The Council on Foreign Relations began in 1917 with a group of New York academics who were asked by President Woodrow Wilson to offer options for the foreign policy of the United States in the interwar period. Originally envisioned as a group of American and British scholars and diplomats, some of whom belonging to the Round Table movement, it was a subsequent group of 108 New York financiers, manufacturers and international lawyers organized in June 1918 by Nobel Peace Prize recipient and U. S. secretary of state, Elihu Root, that became the Council on Foreign Relations on 29 July 1921. The first of the councils projects was a quarterly Journal launched in September 1922, called Foreign Affairs. 9] TheTrilateral Commission was founded in July 1973, at the initiative of American banker David Rockefeller, who was chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations at that time. It is a private organization established to foster closer cooperation among the United States, Europe and Japan. The Trilateral Commission is widely seen as a counterpart to the Council on Foreign Relations. Conspiracy theorists believe that the Council on Foreign Relations and the Trilateral Commission are globalist think tanks that serve as front organizations for the Round Table of the Anglo-American Establishment, which they believe is an international banking cabal that has been plotting from 1900 on to rule the world. Conspiracists therefore fear that the international bankers of financial capitalism are planning to eventually subvert the independence of the U. S. by subordinating national sovereignty to a strengthened Bank for International Settlements. 50] The research findings of historian Carroll Quigley, author of the 1966 book Tragedy and Hope, are taken by both conspiracy theorists of the American Old Right (Cleon Skousen) and New Left (Carl Oglesby) to substantiate this view, even though he argued that the Establishment is not involved in a plot to implement a one-world government but rather British and Americanbenevolent imperialism driven by the mutual interests of econom ic elites in the United Kingdom and the United States. Quigley also argued that, although the Round Table still exists today, its position in influencing the policies of world leaders has been much reduced from its heyday during World War I and slowly waned after the end of World War II and the Suez Crisis. Today the Round Table is largely a ginger group, designed to consider and gradually influence he policies of the Commonwealth of Nations, but faces strong opposition. Furthermore, in American society after 1965, the problem, according to Quigley, was that no elite was in charge and acting responsibly. [50] Larry McDonald, the 2nd president of the John Birch Society and a conservative Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives who represented the 7th congressional district of Georgia, wrote a forward for Allens 1976 book The Rockefeller File, wherein he stated: The drive of the Rockefellers and their allies is to create a one-world

Week free essay sample

How do you think your graduate educational experience will differ from your undergraduate experience? How would you describe a graduate learning community? What are the key components of a learning community and how might a graduate learning community differ from an undergraduate learning community? Based on my experience as an undergraduate in Southern California, took my school and academic work not as serious as I should, even though I did tot fail or had bad grades my own inexperience and immature let me to make some not so smart decisions.I believe it was a result of going through motions more than making a difference for my future. Undergraduate school was also a time to learn and develop my own path in life. Think that graduate school will allow me to secure that path in life, help me fulfill my own academic goals that were put on hold several years ago. We will write a custom essay sample on Week or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are major differences between undergraduate and graduate school, personally, I think graduate school would be more interesting as it will roved a different school of thought that will broaden my own professional career. While undergraduate helped me develop a solid foundation to start my career, think that graduate school will give additional tools, further my critical thinking and help me achieve my potential as a creative leader. My learning community as a graduate student is a combination of my efforts to succeed, my fellow students and the faculty throughout the program. My success in this program will depend directly on the effort and drive put into it. Even though there are several pieces to the puzzle, I am ultimate expansible for my path and I stand to gain the most based on how much effort I put in all my classes.One of the biggest differences between a graduate and an undergraduate learning community is that have developed a bigger sense of responsibility and accountability to achieve my goals; unlike my undergraduate time, I understand how important it is to seek help, follow through projects and assignments and managed my time to be more efficient without wasting precious time. Divergenc e, A. (Deed. ) (2014). Week free essay sample Bixton’s objective is to achieve a credit standing that falls, in the words of the chief financial officer, â€Å"comfortably within the â€Å"A† range. What target range would you recommend for each of the three credit measures? Fixed Charge Coverage 3. 00-4. 30 Funds From Operations/Total Debt 45-65% Long-Term Debt/Capitalization 22-32% To ensure a rating that is â€Å"comfortably within the A range†, the company should try to maintain a fixed ratio of 4-4. 3%, funds from operations/total debt between 60-65% and a lower long-term debt/capitalization ratio between 22-24%. B. Before settling on these target ranges, what other factors should Bixton’s chief financial officer consider? 1. Does the company have the ability to fully utilize non-interest tax credits? 2. Does the company have the ability to raise debt from the markets? 3. Does the company have the appropriate level of income to absorb the cost associated with the issuance of the debt? 4. Does the company have the appropriate level of income to absorb the cost associated with the future fixed expense of interest payments? 5. We will write a custom essay sample on Week or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What effect will raising debt have on consumer outlook? C. Before deciding whether the target ranges are really appropriate for Bixton in its current financial situation, what key issues specific to Bixton must the chief financial officer resolve? Even though the firm has larger-than-average research and development and foreign tax credits when compared to other firms in its industry, the chief financial officer should evaluate the current levels before deciding whether the suggested target ranges would be beneficial.

Every Line Manager Is an Hr Manager Essays

Every Line Manager Is an Hr Manager Essays Every Line Manager Is an Hr Manager Essay Every Line Manager Is an Hr Manager Essay Discussion on: Every Line Manager is an HR Manager Introduction â€Å"Slowly but surely, line managers are taking over the HR front line. Gone are the days when the first port of call for any people management query was the HR department. † – Lucy McGee (Personnel Today) This is partly because HR as a function has transformed over the past decade. Administration is often outsourced, legislation has become more complex, European Union regulations have to be understood and adhered to, compensation is now many-sided, and selection and development have become more sophisticated. HR is both more specialist and more strategic than ever. At the same time, the managers role has evolved as leadership skills have been recognised as being important for a high-performing workforce. People management no longer means filling a form at the yearly appraisal and a few friendly chats in the staff canteen. Spotting talent, motivating, coaching, giving feedback, and developing staff, are all constant, day-to-day activities. With HR departments focused on the bigger picture issues, and line managers actually managing the line, its vital these two functions understand each other. Thus the purpose of this paper is to examine the changing role and responsibilities of line manager, as well as possible implications of greater line manager involvement in HRD. Source: www. personneltoday. com The role of front line managers Front line managers are managers who are responsible for an employee or work group to a higher level of management. They are normally in the lower layers of the management hierarchy and the employees who report to them do not themselves have any managerial or supervisory responsibility (Hutchinson Purcell 2003). The people and performance research carried out by a team at Bath University found that front line managers played a pivotal role in terms of implementing and enacting HR policies and practices. They found that where employees feels positive about their relationship with their front line managers they are more likely to have higher levels of job satisfaction, commitment and loyalty which are associated with higher levels of performance or discretionary behaviour. Discretionary behaviour is defined as that which goes beyond the requirements of the job to give that extra performance which can boost the bottom line. Line managers also play the strongest part in structuring people’s actual experience of doing a job (Hutchinson Purcell 2003). The areas where front line managers make a significant difference to people management practices include: performance appraisal training, coaching and guidance employee engagement (involvement and communication) openness – how easy is it for employees to discuss matters with their front line manager work-life balance recognition – the extent to which employees feel their contribution is recognised. These are all areas where, although the process may be designed by HR, it cannot be delivered by HR. The front line manager role is crucial in a number of respects: in enabling the HR policies and practices, or bringing them to life in acting upon advice or guidance from HR in controlling the work flow by directing and guiding the work of others. However, line managers often have conflicting priorities and role overload. All managers need time to carry out their people management activities. The Bath research found that front line managers exercise a strong influence over the level of discretion that an individual has over how they do their job. Some managers can permit and encourage people to be responsible for their own jobs whereas others can stifle initiative through controlling or autocratic behaviour. To encourage the kind of discretionary behaviour from employees associated with higher performance, front line managers need to: build a good working relationship with their staff. They need to lead, listen, ask, communicate, be fair, respond to suggestions and deal with problems help and support employees to take more responsibility for how they do their jobs by coaching and guidance build effective teams. Many of the qualities and skills which are associated with higher quality front line management are around the behaviours of front line managers. It is not enough to educate front line managers in the behaviours required; organisations must also ensure they are developing the environment and culture in which front line managers are actively encouraged and permitted to exhibit the behaviours above. The Bath research found that organisations which had a strong shared culture with guiding principles for behaviour which were embedded into practice over time were more successful. To be good ambassadors of people management, line managers need, above all, self-confidence and a strong sense of their own security in the organisation. This, in turn, requires strong support and the appropriate training and development for those newly appointed in a line management role. Source: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development UK Implications of greater line manager involvement in HRD The perception prevails that a number of benefits exist in using line managers as developers of people (Gibbs, 2003). The following key arguments for devolution of HRD to line managers are provided by different scholars: allowing HRD decisions to be tailored to the real needs and circumstances at the operational level; improving employee relationships and the work environment; enabling more effective decision making because of the shorter lines of communication, and others. The main advantages presented in the scientific literature are summarized and discussed below. Firstly, a line manager’s role is critical in creating and stimulating the appropriate work environment supportive for learning (Macneil, 2001). It requires the promotion of positive attitudes towards continuous learning, since learning is not something that happens only during formal classroom training activities, but it is an integral facet of everyday working life. A line manager is expected to encourage the individual or team to take responsibility for how they will manage their own learning processes. It should happen through the provision of various opportunities for learning, for instance organizing meetings between employees with similar experience, creating mentor and job rotation systems, coaching, and others. Secondly, the research confirms that usually line managers lack knowledge and competence in human resource management (Macneil, 2001). Therefore, greater line managers’ involvement in HRD activities may lead to a development and transformation of the managers themselves and they would become more competent in managing people. This can also positively contribute to broader organizational change. Thirdly, line managers can help to improve the quality of HRD interventions by closing the gap between organizational performance and individual performance (Macneil, 2001). Line managers, rather than HRD specialists, are very familiar with the business context and both organizational and individual learning needs; therefore they should be able to address the most pressing learning needs. They are closer to the daily operations and customers. This gives line managers unique knowledge concerning organizational realities and needs, which can inform their understanding of the important issues and possible knowledge gaps. Without a systematic training needs analysis linked to the performance appraisal process it is unlikely that HRD will make a meaningful strategic contribution to enhancing organizational effectiveness. Identifying training needs arising from strategic goals, new technology and changes in the work process and linking it with performance appraisal process then becomes critical at the operational level for which a line manager is responsible. Despite the arguments provided above, recent research has shown that delegating HRD responsibility carries a number of challenges and risks and line management involvement in HRD work is not without complications (Reddington, Williamson and Withers 2005). It has been confirmed that workloads of line managers may marginalize their efforts in developing employees and they may not be able to pay sufficient attention to employee development. Performance criteria and reward systems are more likely to consider business results, than a longer term people development role. The responsibility for HRD is not very often included among line manager’s performance objectives. Also, it might be difficult for line managers to play two opposing roles of assessor and coach. Moreover, line managers are not specialists in HRD and may lack confidence, knowledge and organizational support to assume the responsibility for HRD. Senior managers must be highly supportive in HRD role of line managers and an incentive system should be developed to motivate them. Furthermore, acting as a HRD facilitator demands a coaching management style, as opposed to a directive management style. Lack of coaching skills and insufficient line management motivation for this role is reinforced by findings that the least popular HRD delivery mechanisms include coaching and mentoring. This may be due to the large commitment of time and resources needed, yet these methods have consistently been emphasized as critical contribution to SHRD (Garavan, 1995). It is important to emphasize here that the devolvement of HRD activities to the line does not mean that traditional HRD function should vanish or be abolished. It is about increasing the role of line managers in HRD, but not about taking over the HRD function from the specialists. There is little reason to believe that line managers can be better developers than specialists’ trained in HRD (Gibbs, 2003). The role of HRD specialists is also changing. HRD specialists are liberated from routine administration and can focus on strategic and change management issues. They should be recognized as HRD advisors instead of merely HRD providers. This calls for a partnership between line management and HRD specialists. HRD specialists should be able to offer regular support to line managers helping them to analyze performance problems, assess learning needs, develop individual learning plans and develop their own coaching skills (Garavan, 1999). Conclusion The consensus of the above discussion indicates that all line managers are indeed HR managers and it is critical that they hone there HR skills in order to be effective enough to get the best out of his or her subordinates. However it is also important to keep in mind that a balance should be maintained between these HRD responsibilities and the other day to day responsibilities of a line manager. References Personneltoday personneltoday. com/articles/2008/03/07/44780/hr-and-line-managers-speaking-line-managers-language. html

Critical Analysis of a Research Paper

Critical Analysis of a Research Paper Critical Analysis of a Research Paper Critical Analysis of a Research Paper: Helpful Tips Making of critical analysis of research papers may possess some difficulties for students. First of all, it is because you should not only study a research paper you have to analyze but also have at least some general knowledge about an issue that is investigated in it. Otherwise, how can you define strong and weak points of this work? Of course, to make good discussion of the issue you should be aware of this issue. Besides, when writing your critical analysis of a research paper you should take into account that the style of your analysis should correspond, to some extent, to that of the research paper it is written on. Although there are certain requirements to writing of assignment analysis it goes without saying that the style of analyzing of a poem, for example, is rather different from that of analyzing of a research paper. Thus, if you are provided with an assignment to write critical analysis of a research paper you s hould do your best in order to cope with such a task! Critical Analysis of a Research Paper: Nota Bene! When writing critical analysis of a research paper keep in mind the following information:It is obvious that before getting down to your critical analysis of a research paper you should study the research paper you are going to analyze. But first of all, you should study the subject it focuses on. So, find and study some information on the issue. You should get the point to make really thorough analysis. After studying the issue in question read the research paper. You may make some notes or consult some informational sources on the issue. Remember: good critical analysis is based on the deep studying of the subject. Your critical analysis should be thorough. But if it covers the whole research paper, you will not be able to put it into several pages. Be sure of that! So, you should concentrate your analysis on a certain point. Your work will be small but deep in thi s case. Thus, after studying the research paper and all necessary additional information you should point out an aspect that seems to be the most interesting for analyzing. Put it in the form of a thesis statement. Pay attention that it should depict fully the subject of your critical analysis. When thinking over your analysis make an outline containing the main points that you want to dwell on. That will help you make your work well-structured. Pay attention to your writing style. Avoid slang elements, jargon, idioms and other colloquial units.Be sure that this information will help you cope with your critical analysis of a research paper.

Workers Compensation Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Workers Compensation Law - Essay Example The rule of "assumption of risk" said that when workers were wounded working in "risky" occupations; it was their responsibility for accepting hazardous working circumstances in the first place. The third rule, of "contributory negligence," said that if a worker was even partly to blame for an accident or injury, the corporation also should not be held responsible. As one may picture, most companies were much better prepared than their injured employees when it came to participating in the waiting game of the courts. Since most workers lost, it was usually useless to even try. For this reason it became obvious that workers needed a few measure of protection from the burden of injuries on the job (Matkin, 1985). Workers' compensation is a type of insurance, with the best paid by employers. Each state has its own workers' compensation law and as a result its own set of rules. Additional laws are relevant to railroad workers, federal employees, along with others. Essentially, nonetheless, the laws have a general purpose and consequently have similarities. The main comparison is the "no fault" character of the law. ... In return for prearranged as well as certain benefits, employees renounce the right to sue their employers. In return for certain limits on the amount of the benefits, the employer must offer for all injured workers, even when the injuries could not unavoidably have been prevented. It can be seen that both workers as well as employers "gave up" certain rights when the laws were ratified. An employee might have gotten a much larger quantity of compensation for a severe in-jury under the old technique. Nonetheless, most employees gained, while merely a few lost. The employer, conversely, has to pay even if not at mistake. In response, the employer is not subjected to long, expensive defense and potentially pricey settlements. Indeed, one of the main reasons of workers' compensation laws is to evade extended legal battles and give injured workers a means to endure during their recovery period. The other most important comparison is that all states offer the same types of benefits. These include payment of medical expenses as well as "wage loss" of injured employees. Workers' Compensation Benefits Medical benefits in most states include doctor, drug, hospital, medical testing, in addition to therapy. Some states offer "rehabilitation," which may or may not comprise occupational rehabilitation. Occupational rehabilitation comprises services that help the worker in returning to profitable employment. Wage loss benefits are in general of two types: temporary as well as permanent. Both temporary as well as permanent wage loss benefits can be additionally subdivided into two groups: partial and total. Additionally, most states have a "death benefit," which is paid to workers' families when death fallout from on-the-job accidents (Tramposh, 1991).

Capstone Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Capstone - Assignment Example The iPhone, for instance, continues to be the most popular smartphone in the world today with their latest iPhone 6 already out. Forbes magazine projects the company could sell up to 70.9 million units of the new smartphone (Badenhausen, 2014). The company’s mission has also made Apple come up with the most innovative products and feature hence making it the most profitable company in the world with annual brand revenue of $170.9 Billion (†(Badenhausen, 2014). Unlike other companies, however, Apple has no written vision statement. Instead, the company’s vision is manifested through its leadership like Steve Jobs and current C.E.O Tim Cook. These leaders coin philosophies that they then pass on to the departments like Research and development which then try to come up with product concepts that are consistent with these philosophies. For instance, in the year 1998, former chief executive Steve Jobs envisioned a paradigm shift in the conventional design of personal computers and led his team into a revolution that was to change the norm permanently by introducing the iMac computer. This has given the company an edge in innovation and creativity. Some of the primary stakeholders of Apple include lenders, company employees, developers, and customers. These groups have also impacted the company in significant ways. For instance, the company enjoys an almost fanatical following from its customers. These customers have been the driving force behind apples astronomical sales figures over the years (Jones &Hill 2011). The developers have helped contribute innovative product ideas which have enabled the company produces cutting edge technological devices like the iPad. Overall, the company’s primary stakeholders have had a significant impact on Apple’s bottom line. For apple computers, the threat of new market entrants especially in the smartphone and personal computers category is significantly lower

Profile of the New York-Presbyterian Hospital Essay Example for Free

Profile of the New York-Presbyterian Hospital Essay Hospital Name: New York-Presbyterian Hospital Address: 525 E 68th St Fl 11, New York, NY 10021-4870, United States Contact Number: (212) 434-5500 Website: http://www.nyp.org Vission: â€Å"To sustain its leadership position in the provision of world class patient care,   t  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   eaching, research, and service to local, state, national, and  international    communities.† (2006, p.2) Mission: â€Å"As a not-for-profit academic medical center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital is   committed to its unique and complex mission of providing the highest quality patient  care, teaching, research, and community service.† (2006, p.2) Director: Dr. Philip Wilner Ownership: New York Presbyterian Hospital Dimension: 12-storey building, total beds summed up to 2,335 774 beds equipped with full-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   service hospital (the Greenburg Pavilion), connected to the existing facility.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is an 8-storey parking lot that is 527,000 in square feet. Main Facilities: The Allen Pavilion, Morgan Stanley Childrens Hospital of NewYork-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Presbyterian, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Center   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   New York-Presbyterian Hospital/ Weill Cornell Medical Center NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Westchester Division Centers for Excellence: Cancer, Digestive Diseases, Geriatrics, Heart, Orthopedics,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Neuroscience, Pedriatrics, Psychiatry, Rehabilitation Medicine, Tranplants,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Womens Health Types of Services Provided: Medical Services, Surgical Services, Ambulatory Care   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Services, Emergency Care, Specialized   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Services, International and Corporate Health, Elderly Care. Awards and Recognitions Received: New York Magazines Best Hospitals 2006, U.S.News   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   World Reports Honor Roll of Americas Best Hospitals (since 1997),   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Americas Top Doctors, New York Magazines 2007 Best Doctors,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   American Alliance of Healthcare Providers Hospital of Choice   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Awards, eHealthcare Leadership Award, Greystone Web    Awards.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (All were the awards   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   mentioned in the website as of January 30, 2008). Population Served: (As of April 10, 2007)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Outpatient Visits: 828,136  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ambulatory Surgeries 47,594   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Emergency Visits: 202,154  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inpatient Days: 729,088   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Deliveries: 10,242 Number of Workers: (As of April 10, 2007)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Employees: 15,078  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Physicians: 5,588 Affiliations: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Weill Medical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   College of Cornell University. Payer Sources: Blue Cross, Charity Care/Financial Aid, Medicare, Medicaid, Self Payment,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Workers Compensation. References: (n.d.). New York-Presbyterian: The University Hospital of Columbia and Cornell.Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   January 30, 2008 from http://www.nyp.org/about/facts-statistics-2006.html. New York-Presbyterian: The University Hospital of Columbia and Cornell. Awards and Recognition. Retrieved January 29, 2008 from http://www.nyp.org/about/awards-   recognition.html. (2005). New York Presbyterian Hospital 2005 Community Service Plan Annual   Ã‚   Implementation Report. Retrieved January 30, 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://search.med.cornell.edu/search?q=mission-vision%20of%20newyork-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   presbyterianspell=1access=poutput=xml_no_dtdie=UTF-8client   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =Nyp_Subsite=NYP_Suboe=UTF-8proxystylesheet=NYP (n.d.). New York Presbyterian Hospital. Retrieved January 29, 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.bovislendlease.com/llweb/bll/main.nsf/all/fp_newyork_hospital_america. Dun Bradstreet. (2007). The New York and Presbyterian Hospital. Retrieved January 29,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2008 from http://www.manta.com/comsite5/bin/pddnb_company.pl?  Ã‚   dlanding=1referid=3550id=06qjjk.