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“A Scherzo A Shy Persons Wishes” Analysis Essay

What is the state of mind of â€Å"A Scherzo A Shy Persons Wishes.† How is the temperament passed on and what impact does it hav...

Monday, May 18, 2020

Origins of the Cold War Essay - 1295 Words

Origins of the Cold War The purpose of this paper is to explore the origins of the Cold War. To accomplish this exploration, the works of W.A. Williams, Robert Jervis, and Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. serves as the foundation. Before a closer examination of these works, a short explanation of the three common viewpoints regarding the study of the Cold War is warranted. These viewpoints are Attribution, Structural, and Misperception. With these viewpoints to guide the way, the above authors look at the origins of the Cold War. I will make my own points about the origins later. Following World War II, the United States and the Former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) changed roles from Allies to enemies. The†¦show more content†¦The Structuralist view contends that the international system created the Cold War Following the war, all the former great powers were destitute; the two strong powers emerged to fill the vacuum. The European Balance of Power system was replaced by a stable (many w ould argue that it wasnt all that stable, just relatively predictable..just food for thought out of my notes, maybe relatively stable is a better word) bipolar system that put the US in direct opposition to the USSR following WWII. The Misperception view believes in just that, misperception between the two belligerents. The perception of each nation viewing the other was actually a misperception. The effect of mirroring caused many misperceptions between the two nations. Mirroring is seeing the other as we see ourselves in the mirror, implanting our logic, beliefs, values, and perceptions on the other instead of looking at the other as they see themselves. William Appleman Williams is considered to be an attributionist (missed a couple letters, I respelled it fur ya). Williams considered the US the aggressor in the COLD WAR. The policy of the Open Door created the environment that closed the door to any result but the cold war (Williams 1972, 229). This environment was perpet uated by Roosevelts successors who rapidly embarked upon a program to force the Soviet Union to accept Americas traditionalShow MoreRelatedThe Origins Of Cold War1550 Words   |  7 PagesThis research looks at the origins of Cold war, the political, ideological and economical rivalry between the United States and Soviet Union. This research draws upon mostly primary sources including memoirs, interviews and scholarly studies of cold war era conflicts. Most research on this topic focuses on its connection to the famous events and upheavals, which shaped that era. â€Å"From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an â€Å"Iron Curtain† has descended across the continent. Behind thatRead MoreOrigins Of The Cold War1465 Words   |  6 Pages18.1- Origins of the Cold War †¢ Allies Clash o After World War II finally came to an end, the United States and Soviet Union had conflicting ideas of how to restore the world back to normal. ï‚ § Stalin wanted complete and ultimate control over the countries that were within the borders of the Soviet Union, spreading communist regimes. ï‚ § Meanwhile, the United States wished for all these states that were under Nazi rule to have self-determination. o This essentially formed a rivalry between the idealsRead MoreThe Origin Of Cold War1987 Words   |  8 PagesThe Origin of Cold War: Ideology Clashes According to some sources, the fall of the Berlin wall on November 9th 1989 marks the significant ending of the years long Cold war between the two super power; the United States and the Soviet Union. The Cold War is unlike any other wars as there are no big battles but instead the two superpowers focus their competition on politics, economics, military, and ideological might. Since the Cold War is unique for the aforementioned reason, experts have long debatedRead MoreThe Origins Of The Cold War2356 Words   |  10 PagesHI742/HI747- The Cold War, 1941-1991 How Important were individual figures in the origins of the Cold War? The Cold War refers to a period post World War II characterised by a state of political tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States both supported by their allies from the Eastern and Western blocs respectively. Despite this being such a pivotal point in modern history there is a lack of clarity stemming from much debate regarding the catalyst for the Cold War and the ‘start’Read MoreEssay on The Origins of the Cold War817 Words   |  4 PagesThe Origins of the Cold War The Cold War period from 1945 to 1985 was a result of distrust and misunderstanding between the USSR and the United States of America. This distrust never actually resulted any fighting between the two superpowers but they came very close to fighting on several occasions. The Cold War was a result of many different events and factors including the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, the Potsdam Conference of 1945, the differences between communismRead MoreOrigins of the Cold War Essay1179 Words   |  5 PagesOrigins of the Cold War Revisionist historians tend to regard the outbreak of the Cold War as a result of American hostility or, at least , diplomatic incompetence, while the more traditional view lays the responsibility squarely at the feet of the Soviet Union. Assess the validity of each view. The Cold War,said to have lasted from the end of World War II to the dismantling of the Soviet Union in 1991, was one of the most significant political events of the 20th century. For nearlyRead MoreOrigin of the Cold War Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesAfter the Second World War America and the Soviet Union gained power in Europe. Though these to countries never fought one another, they waged a cold war of economic, military and ideological rivalry which last through the second half of the twentieth century. The origin of the Cold War began with the Russian Revolution in nineteen-seventeen, which created a Soviet Russia. The Soviet Russia did not have the same economic and ideological state as the United States. The Civil war in Russia in whichRead MoreEssay about The Origins of the Cold War679 Words   |  3 PagesThe Origins of the Cold War The Cold War was a state of extreme hostility and confrontation but without direct militant action between the two world powers, the USSR and the USA. The USSR and the USA were originally wartime Allies during the Second World War; however a string of events and issues caused a built up of suspicion and distrust which finally escalated to what was known as the Cold War. The start of Cold War can be simply defined as the period of time wherebyRead More The Historiography of the Origins of the Cold War Essay2691 Words   |  11 PagesThe Historiography of the Origins of the Cold War There have been many attempts to explain the origins of the Cold War that developed between the capitalist West and the communist East after the Second World War. Indeed, there is great disagreement in explaining the source for the Cold War; some explanations draw on events pre-1945; some draw only on issues of ideology; others look to economics; security concerns dominate some arguments; personalities are seen as the root cause for some historiansRead MoreThe United States And The Origins Of The Cold War1717 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Calvo AMH2042 23 July 2015 The United States and the Origins of the Cold War Essay Thinking about the decisions, strategies and goals of Soviet Union and the United States views on world domination and the possible accomplishment of such. The first and main would be to think and observe critically concerning the worldwide political scenery in the years after World War II (1945). This moment in history; taking all the way through the Cold War, may be seen as a lapse of severe ideological polarization

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Analysis Of Quixote s Soldiers By Cesar Chavez Essay

Depicted on the cover of Quixote’s Soldiers is a group of Mexican- American men and women in protest formation. They carry with them signs that say â€Å"Justice for La Raza,† â€Å"Ando sangrando igual que tu,† and â€Å"Cops out of our communities!† David Montejano argues that Mexican- American reform groups are often left out of the Civil Rights Movement taught in a classroom. San Antonio was the birthplace of the Chicano movement. Here, various organizations were formed to encourage the government to increase Mexican- Americans opportunities in the educational field as well as in the work field. The Brown Power movement campaigned for Mexican- Americans to reject assimilation into the American mainstream society, and celebrate their Chicano history. La Causa, or â€Å"The Cause† of this movement, began as farm worker strikes in California and Southwest region. (Montejano, 10) Farmworkers demanded fair wages and suitable working conditions, but they also faced inequality outside of the workplace. Inspired by Cesar Chavez, young Chicanos in San Antonio began to form organizations that would challenge the injustice and inequality treatment they faced as citizens of the United States. The Civil Rights Movement of African- Americans also impacted and influenced the young generation of the Chicano Movement. They shared one common enemy: the white- elite. Their basic rights as a citizen were being withheld and they organized to fight to retrieve them. The West and South regions of San Antonio

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Gun Control A Controversial Issue For More Than A Century

Arias 1 Ana Arias Fontana Criminal Justice 3-19-15 Gun Control Gun control has been a controversial issue for more than a century, and there is yet to be a definitive solution or consensus. Proponents of gun control believe there should be stricter regulations, and more in depth background checks before someone is allowed to purchase a firearm. Among other things, the Second Amendment was added to our Constitution because the founders believed the private ownership of guns was necessary for the protection of our liberties. California requires all gun sales to be transacted through a licensed dealer and to obtain a state license. Everyone who purchases a firearm is obligated to obtain a Firearm and Safety Certificate, after passing a written test which maintains permanent records of firearm sales giving local governments authority to regulate weapons and ammunition. CON GUN CONTROL Many do not fully comprehend the Second Amendment which reads â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear Arias 2 Arms, shall not be infringed.† The government has no right to change the amendment and placing a ban and enforcing stricter regulations is yet another invasion of our liberty. By placing restrictions on gun ownership, citizens will feel insecure and more defenseless. FBI crime statistics show that more people are murdered by clubs and hammers than rifles and shotguns. This statement wouldShow MoreRelatedControversial Gun Control Laws882 Words   |  4 PagesGun control is one of the oldest laws dating back to the early 1800’s. It was approved in the southern part of the United States. During this period, the Georgia administration banned handguns, but the Supreme Court cancelled the law after some time due to the second amendment. The second amendment of the United States which says â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.† has secured certain gunRead Mor eThe Constitution Of The United States1557 Words   |  7 PagesRights would be adopted. The Bill of Rights, at the time, consisted of 10 amendments; of these 10 comes one of the most controversial ones, the Second Amendment, which is the right for individuals to bear arms. This amendment was, and will continue to be one of the most controversial issues from the time of the ratification of the Constitution of the United States up to the 21st century. As a nation, there is still a battle between people who want to put restrictions on this amendment and people who believeRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1226 Words   |  5 Pageshave been more tension around gun-control than ever. This shooting has inspired a new wave of people to argue over whether or not the United States needs new gun laws, one side argues that we need more restrictions on the owning of guns, the other side that its a citizens right to own a gun and to take that away is unconstitutional. In this paper, I w ill first give a rundown of the history of laws concerning gun control, then I will talk about whether or not America should pass more gun laws thenRead MoreThe Debate on Gun Control and the Second Amendment Essay1132 Words   |  5 PagesGuns have been around for a very long time. People love being able to have the freedom to do what they want, especially when they can possess something that make them feel superior. The introduction of the Second Amendment opens up the controversial, yet well anticipated opportunity for United State citizens to be able to own guns. Americans enjoy the benefit of being able to own guns for decades over people in other countries. People can buy guns and carry them around in public. They own guns forRead MoreGun Control And The United States929 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has been a debated, revisited and revised issue for more than a century in the United States. Recently, after several mass shootings in the United States, gun violence issues are; yet again, renewed and in the forefront for the United States. This paper will consist of insight on gun violence in the United States and the newly imposed gun control policies by President Obama; along with, the arguments for and against the new policies and what roles both the formal and informal actorsRead MoreWill gun control stop harm or protect citizens? Today, the opinions of Americans vary on whether1100 Words   |  5 PagesWill gun control stop harm or protect citizens? Today, the opinions of Americans vary on whether guns harm or protect citizens. However, gun control is not a new controversial issue. In 1924, U.S. Senator, Robert La Follete, said, â€Å"Our choice is not merely to support or oppose gun control but to decide who can own which guns under what conditions.† This proves that gun control has been a concern to Americans since the mid- twentieth century, and possibly even earlier than that. Even with the U.SRead MoreGun Control And Gun Violence10 54 Words   |  5 PagesGun control generally refers to policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of firearms (Wikipedia). This is an important definition for citizens, lawmakers, and gun lobbyists to follow over the debate on gun control. As well as the Second Amendment in the constitution which states, â€Å"The right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed†. There has been a debate on whether that specifies within the home or outside of the home. For more thanRead MoreGun Control vs. Crime Rate1547 Words   |  7 PagesJessica Vickers Dr. Jonne Akens Engl 1302 25 February 2013 Gun Control vs. Crime Rate According to the Second Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America, â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed.† In this very amendment lies the main issue of gun control. â€Å"To many, the language of the amendment appears to grant to the people the absolute right to bear arms. However, theRead MoreGun Control Debate Throughout Contemporary America1725 Words   |  7 PagesGun Control Debate in Contemporary America Introduction The gun control debate has dominated US history, and it has been a controversial issue in itself considering that the right to bear and keep arms is one among the few bitterly divisive issues of American constitutional law. The Second Amendment is significant in this debate, providing the basis upon which those supporting robust gun regulation as fundamental, collective, and civic right and in particular its preamble concreting the usefulnessRead MoreGun Control And The Rights Of A Free State1149 Words   |  5 PagesGun Control Multiple news outlets reported the same number over and over. 74. This is the general estimated number of mass school shootings that have occurred since the massacre at Newton’s Sandyhook Elementary School on December 14, 2012. The Newton massacre once again had a nation grieving for loss of innocent lives in such tragic ways and once again the issue of gun control went to the front of the nation’s agenda. American history shows a fascination with gunfighters and the Old West mentality

Capital Punishment Is Deterring Future Crimes - 814 Words

The death penalty remains one of the most controversial topics in the study of criminal justice. Hundreds of convicted criminals have seen their fate by the hands of capital punishment in the course of United States history. Hundreds of others are still awaiting the day their sentence will be carried out. However, even though many of Americans still believe the principal role of capital punishment is deterring future crimes, thousands of others condemn the United States criminal justice system for its errors and fallacies, which result in erroneous capital punishment decisions and legalized violence against innocent people. Capital punishment has recently become an issue of discussion in the American Journal of Criminal Justice. The central theme of the journal covers contemporary topics related to the death penalty that have not been addressed or have received limited attention in the extant criminological literature (Richards Smith, 2015, p. 199). In other words, the journal focuses on the analysis of the topics, issues, and controversies surrounding the death penalty, which have been ignored by other researchers. As a result, it uncovers the hidden facets of capital punishment and suggests future directions for death penalty research. This journal focuses on the influence of extralegal and legal variables on capital punishment. The article includes complete credentials of both authors. Tara N. Richards is referred to as an Assistant Professor in theShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment Is A Form Of Torture971 Words   |  4 PagesCapital punishment is nothing new; executions have taken place for centuries. Capital punishment is utilized throughout the world. Thirty-six countries currently use the death penalty in law and practice. One hundred and three countries have abolished the death penalty completely. Whereas, six countries currently retain the death penalty for special circumstances, such as war crimes (CIA World Factbook). Whether capital punishment is an effective measure to curb future violent crimes is still debatedRead MoreCapital Punishment Of The Criminal Justice System1407 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States, capital punishment has always been the spotlight of many debates concerning the consequences of severe crimes. Although capital punishment is deemed to be acceptable for violent cr imes such as murder, there are numerous individuals who oppose the usage of capital punishment against violent offenders. Both proponents and opponents have given countless opinions concerning the deterrence effect of capital punishment. Research studies have also added fuel to the debate in regardsRead MoreCapital Punishment : A Deterrent Effect971 Words   |  4 Pagesuse of capital punishment. In particular, American constitutional legal scholars Cass R Sunstein and Adrien Vermeule presented their 2005 study, â€Å"Is Capital Punishment Morally Required? The Relevance of Life-Life Tradeoffs,† which supports the notion of capital punishment as a deterrent. Sunstein and Vermeule’s study specifically presents the argument of the morality behind the death penalty’s significant deterrent effect, in light of recent research studies that they found to support capital punishmentRead MoreDr. Cesare Beccaria As The Father Of Deterrence Theory1563 Words   |  7 PagesJuveniles around the United States are committing crimes every day. When they commit these crimes, they may not know of the consequences that come with committing the crimes until they get caught. These young children or teenagers need to start learning the consequences of committing a crime before they grow older because if they do not learn, they will make their life miserable. The deterrence theory would be a perfect way to keep these young people out of trouble. Deterrence would play a huge roleRead MoreCapital Punishment : Deontology Vs. Consequentialism1165 Words   |  5 Pages Capital Punishment: Deontology vs. consequentialism Subject: Analyze the deontological and consequentialist arguments on both sides of the issue of capital punishment in Gregg v Georgia. In this paper I will present the moral arguments of deontology and consequentialism used to determine whether or not using the death penalty was in fact constitutional. I will present both sides of the arguments and present them in the context of this trial and of similar situations where the arguments couldRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Endorsed: An Opinion Essay649 Words   |  3 Pagesand deterring murderers from involving in more criminal activities. Nonetheless, the opponents of the death penalty argue that it should not be endorsed simply because of the killing of innocent people. However, the death penalty should be endorsed because of its benefits and the ineffectiveness of punishment in discouraging potential offenders from criminal actions. The death penalty should be used since its the strongest kind of punishment in deterring murder and lessening other crimes. TheRead MoreCapital Punishment Is Deterrence For Crime1570 Words   |  7 Pagesheinous crime on another victim. To this day, capital punishment is a subject undergoing intense study, and is a hot topic of controversy. It is a challenging debate with many different viewpoints. Many people are pro death penalty, while others are quite against it, and there are others with amphibological feelings towards the subject. One of the many different questions that originate when the topic of the death penalty arises is if capital punishment is deterrence for crime. Capital punishment stirsRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Capital Punishment1238 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"I think capital punishment works g reat. Every killer you kill never kills again† (Brainy Quotes). As far back as the death penalty began, it was established as a punishment in the United States in 1608. Britain influenced Americas use of the death penalty more than any other country had. When European settlers came to the new world, the settlers practiced the capital punishment. The first execution was set in the new colony of Jamestown Virginia. Although some may say the death penalty is wrongRead MoreDeath Penalty Argumentative Essay1424 Words   |  6 Pages or capital punishment, is the execution of an offender that is sentenced to death by a court of law for a criminal offense.   This type of punishment for inmates is involved in controversy over whether or not it is an acceptable form of punishment for criminals and also whether or not it is immoral.   There are many arguments for both sides of the debate, each making valid points and pointing out the flaws of the opposing position. Many religions are either for or against capital punishment, dueRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Dead Man Walking 1564 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1995 film Dead Man Walking portrays the story of Sister Helen Prejean as she struggles to serve as a spiritual advisor to Louisiana death row inmate Matthew Poncelet. The film scrutinizes and criticizes the practice of capital punishment in the United States. The narrative is constructed in such a way that the audience is encouraged to draw their own conclusions, moving through an experience exposed and open to all its effects. It is a sensitive and complex look at Christian forgiveness in the

Calorie Programming Solution Proposal Essay Sample free essay sample

I want to take this clip to thank the persons who decided to take part in Level-Up Calorie plan. I would besides wish to clap all the voluntaries. and board members who have worked diligently to piece a plan that fits the demands of all age groups. As some of you may hold noticed that we have been seeking to make a plan for the web site to assist suit those persons. which may non be able to go to the group meetings because of work agendas or other events. While watching the unrecorded provender. we noticed that the plan is non running right. The boarded has assembled a squad together that will work diligently to assist rectify this proficient job and acquire the plan running right with no malfunctions. The team’s function will be to come in the plan. which has been installed within the computing machine system and rectify the mistake happening when the plan reaches this certain prompt. We will write a custom essay sample on Calorie Programming Solution Proposal Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This rectification will be completed by the squad making a plan which will motivate the Calories to cipher right throughout your patterned advance and so entire at the terminal. The plan will besides be able to take the Calories intake from each hebdomadal input and norm out the Calories throughout the procedure. For those of you who may non be computing machine knowing. I will give you a description of the procedure the squad will utilize to finish their undertaking. The first measure the squad will make is analyse the job by placing a coveted consequence. finding information is needed to bring forth these consequences. and find what processes must be carried out to continue from the known informations to the desired end product. Following measure the squad will work on is planing the plan. which entails making a elaborate description. utilizing comparatively ordinary linguistic communication or particular diagrams of the plan to be created. Simply seting it. they will travel through a bit-by-bit process called algorithms. which go from the simple portion of the plan to the most complex portion. This means that the squad can non go forth out any stairss within the plan. We are cognizant that this may look like an easy hole but there is basic inside informations. which if missed the plan will make and error reading. Algorithms are non all defines at one time. As the squad is planing the plan and interrupt down major constituents into smaller pieces. the algorithms for each undertaking will go more complex. Keep in head that an algorithm must end in a finite clip. Once the squad has designed a suited plan to work out the job. they will interpret that design into plan codification. This means that the squad must compose statements or instructions in a certain scheduling linguistic communication to set the design in useable signifier. During this point the squad will add extra statements for certification intents. This is an of import measure because this will let the squad to supply extra accounts in apparent English. which in return will do it easier for the common users to understand the plan codification. The squad will be utilizing programming linguistic communication package to come in the plan statements into the computer’s memory. Specific words and symbols will be used by the different linguistic communications. and this procedure is called sentence structure. The exact codification and symbols the squad will be utilizing to compose the codification will depend on the linguistic communication the squad is utilizing. The concludin g measure that the squad will concentrate on is proving the plan. This procedure is to guarantee that the plan is free from mistakes and does work out the given job. The squad will hold the computing machine run the plan and put to death the statements by utilizing different sets of input informations. which will make up ones mind if the plan is working right. The squad will carry on trial throughout the development procedure. which should happen during the analyzing phase. which will assist us find if the known information was interpreted right. do I have right expressions and processs for what I am making. and have I fulfilled plan demands. It will besides be tested during the designed phase with what is called desk-checking. which is simple informations being input to see if the squad gets the expected consequence. The plan will besides make its ain testing in the codification phase to guarantee each statement has the proper sentence structure. The squad will be alerted if the statement is non decently phrased. In decision. the squad will develop a running plan to turn to the scoring issue. which allow for the marking to be displayed right. Th e squad hopes that we keep in head this is non an nightlong procedure. but we do plane to hold the plan developed and running by the weekend’s terminal. Thank you for your clip and forbearance while we work hard to better our plan.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Role of HR in Creating Sustainable Organizations

Question: Discuss about the Role of HR in Creating Sustainable Organizations. Answer: Introduction The case study deals with a hospital in Australia, which has approximately 400 staff members in different units which are located across the country. The case study discusses how poor HR practices in the organization have led to staff turnover, absenteeism, grievances and lack of staff members. This in turn has led to some serious incidents with the patients and decreased the quality of services in terms of medical care and facilities. Another hospital is highlighted in case study in order to give a contrasting view of HR practices. The hospital has a proper HR department which facilitates employee engagement and other HR activities which has led to staff retention, morale and overall quality of the patient care and safety. The report would try to evaluate the ways that the first hospital should adopt in order to improve its quality of patient care and the ways of building a sustainable HR framework through HRM theories and models. Methodology The case study has shown the contrasting view of two hospitals, where first hospital lacks a proper HR department due to which it is facing problems high attrition rate, grievances issues and decreased quality of patient care, the second hospital has an effective HR department which makes it a leading healthcare organization. The CEO of the first hospital has given all the HR roles and responsibilities to the Line Managers of the hospital and has hired an HR consultant who overviews the HR policies on a weekly basis. The CEO has overlooked the consequences of lack of an HR department which has led to work conflicts, staff turnover and shortage of staff. This has an impact on overall quality of patient care and safety and led to severe patient accidents. The CEO is required to review the performance of the hospital and needs to reconsider the requirement of an HR department. He needs to understand that the safety and care of a patient is the first and topmost priority of a hospital, which has been endangered due to a lack of a proper HR department in the hospital. Transferring the roles and responsibilities of an HR to the Line Managers is not going to support the hospital sustainable framework for a long period and thus, CEO needs to take an action which aligns with the goals and objectives of the hospital (Colbert Kurucz 2007). The goal of a hospital is to consider the patient care and safety on topmost priority, which requires an effective HR department in place. As of present there is no HR department in the hospital and the roles and responsibilities of an HR are carried out by the middle managers of the hospital. The middle managers are not even aware that these functions are not a part of their domain. They have been overburdened which is affecting employee competence and thus, leading to absenteeism. The overloaded managers are not able to deal with the situation, getting frustrated and then leaving the job causing staff turnover and shortage. The situation has affected the quality of the services of hospital in terms of service delivery, patient care and has led to severe patient accidents. This harms the reputation of the hospital and would affect it in long term. CEO of the hospital needs to understand the significance of an HR department, which can be considered by reviewing the performance of the other leading hospitals which have a sustainable HR framework (Shi, 2007). He needs to understand that current framework is affecting employee competence which is a major issue for an organization. Overburdening of work and employee absenteeism are spoiling employee relations and effective communication in the hospital. There is no criterion for performance management in the hospital. A sustainable HR framework would thus, help the hospital in achieving its long term goals and objectives (Colbert Kurucz 2007). In order to understand the importance of an HR department, the report would discuss the following roles and responsibilities of an HR department (Shi, 2007): Staffing and Placement Employees are the asset of a healthcare organization and an HR ensures that the hospital is staffed with suitable personnel. The responsibility of an HR manager is to source the right candidate for the position in the hospital through different channels. Once the employee has been appointed it is the duty of the HR to guide him through the induction and training program and advises the management on benefits and compensation for the employees (current and potential). The HR ensures that the employee has all the requisite documents including their respective degrees, id proofs and work permit and fulfils the criteria of the hospital (Hernandez, 22 June 2009). Legal Research on Health Care An HR manager is responsible to make sure that the hospital complies with the government rules and regulations in relation to its staff members and employees which may require working with the hospital lawyers as well. Then there are certain medical care laws with which a hospital should be well-versed. Recruitment contracts with the medical practitioners are created and maintained by an HR manager. The legal contracts must be well documented to avoid any disputes from employee contracts and other violations (Hernandez, 22 June 2009). Management of Employees An HR manager controls and monitors the performance of the employees of an organization which ensures effective delivery of services, minimize patient complains and prevent sanctions from the authorities. The HR ensures that employee performance is at par through employee engagement activities, resolving work conflict, grievance handling, benefits and compensation etc. Thus, an HR ensures a positive work environment in an organization (Hernandez, 22 June 2009). Decision-Making The HR department is also involved in planning and decision making processes which may include building strategies to develop a sustainable framework and ensure a better organized health care system. The involvement of HR department in the planning process helps to address employee issues and concerns, which further helps in devising the solution for the concerns raised (Power, 8 February 2012). Training and Development Well trained employees are the assets of a healthcare organization. Regular training and development of the employees is essential in order to update them with the latest trends and practices. Technical staff needs to be equipped with the latest and current technologies, which is handled by an HR manager. The HR manager identifies the need of training in the organization and finds out the best training sources for the employees. The training can include Safety policy, Disaster management, Patient care, Handling critical cases, Health hygiene, Cleanliness and Hygiene, Technical equipments and machine, public dealing such as politeness and courtesy etc. Training, thus, ensures effective service delivery to the patients and maintains the quality of the patient care and safety (Power, 8 February 2012). General Administration Apart from the above function, an HR is also liable for a proper administration in a healthcare organization. General administration may include vendor management, safety and security measures, database management etc. It is the duty of an HR to assign duties and responsibilities to the staff (Power, 8 February 2012). Thus, an HR plays a very crucial role in a hospital and ensures organizational commitment, effective service delivery and patient care. The report would further study the ways to develop a sustainable HR framework in a healthcare organization. There are six components of a sustainable HR framework which are as follows (Brinkerhoff Goldsmith, March 1992): HR Management System Leadership Partnership Education Finance Policy HR management systems are responsible for integrated use of data, manpower planning, recruitment and selection and providing support to new employees. The process requires an integrated system that is available to the HR department and ensures that the data available for planning, training and appraising is accurate and on time. Performance appraisal, work productivity, hiring and deployment form the key component of the management system (Brinkerhoff Goldsmith, March 1992). Leadership is required to guide and align employees as per the goals and objectives of the organization. It includes planning, budgeting, organizing, mobilizing resources and giving direction to the workforce. In order to ensure effective leadership in an organization, an organization must have HRH champions, effective management system and capacity to lead multi-sector and sector wide collaboration. An organization must have involvement of the stakeholders in the decision making process of the organization (Brinkerhoff Goldsmith, March 1992). Partnership is a formal linkage that aligns key stakeholders. It allows optimum utilization of resources. Finance allows receiving, allocating and transferring the required funds for the human resources. There should be levels of salaries and allowances for the employees. Then the process of budgeting and projecting helps to design the salary packages of the employees which includes salary, allowance, education, incentives etc (Brinkerhoff Goldsmith, March 1992). Education takes care of a skilled workforce through its training and development programs for the employees. Policy is required to maintain the rules and regulations in a healthcare organization. It acts as a guidance and instruction manual for the employees by setting the work standards for them (Brinkerhoff Goldsmith, March 1992). There are many factors that are linked to building a sustainable framework for an organization. Results-focused planning and practices System-linked alignment Knowledge-based decision-making Learning-oriented perspectives Innovative solutions Comprehensive and integrated approaches Developing a Comprehensive Plan The plan consists of four action phases as follows: Situational Analysis Planning Implementation Monitoring Evaluation There are some preparatory steps to be taken before analyzing a situation: Gaining agreement at the highest level of decision-makers Identifying key stakeholders and members of a leadership group Orienting the local members of the technical working group to the HAF process Purpose Identify the need of a sustainable HR framework in the organization first through inputs from the stakeholders and carefully examining the HR documents and reports. For example, the need here is to manage the current workforce and deliver effective services to the patients (Colbert Kurucz 2007). Objectives Conduct a stakeholder meeting Review existing HR documents, strategies, and reports Gather information Identify root causes Purpose The purpose of this phase is to take the inputs from the previous phase and prioritize the actions agreed to by the leadership groups. Objectives Develop a set of short- and long-term recommendations Calculate the cost to implement the recommendations Review the recommendations with the leadership group Purpose The purpose of this phase is to implement the plan as proposed in the previous phase. This is most critical phase because most of the plans fail in implementation process. Proper implementation requires effective implementation planning and assigning the responsibility to the individuals or teams. It is recommended to write terms of reference and scope of work for these teams and individuals (Colbert Kurucz 2007). Objectives Develop an implementation plan Advocate for funding Clarify roles and responsibilities Establish a budget and mechanisms for distribution of the funding Purpose The purpose of this phase is to monitor the plan that has been implemented to evaluate the ongoing process of each key component as prescribed in the strategic plan. The plan would include process, outputs and outcome indicators. These indicators help to evaluate and monitor the progress on these four phases, monitor the recommendations and measure the impact of the plan that has been implemented (Colbert Kurucz 2007). Objectives Identifying relevant stakeholders to be involved in finalizing indicators for each component of the ME plan Identifying output and outcome indicators and gain agreement from the leadership group on their definitions Identifying the sources of data Clarify the roles and responsibilities of individuals for monitoring the plan Consequences of the Framework Building a sustainable HR department would thus, result in delivering effective services and patient care by establishing the following: Performance Management HR manager would regularly monitor and evaluate the performances of employees through an effective appraisal system, regular coaching and mentoring, assessing his contribution towards the organization and providing relevant feedback. This would motivate employees and boost their performance which would improve the overall performance of the organization (Hernandez, 2009). Employment Relations HR manager would ensure that proper policies are in place that defines the different pay levels, standards and norms for the employees and other rules and regulations that are requisite by the employees and would help to build a trust between an employee and the organization (Hernandez, 2009). Effective Communication Employees need to be continuously informed about the activities of the organization and their role in them. Employees having issues with their job role, pay scale etc. needs to be handled effectively. HR manager would make sure that these grievances are handled effectively and the employees are satisfied. This would again provide employee competence to the organization (Hernandez, 2009). Recommendations From the report it can be evaluated that a sustainable HR framework is essential for a healthcare organization in order to achieve its goals and objectives. Following are the recommendations to the CEO of the hospital in the first case: Understanding the importance of an HR department in a healthcare organization by reviewing the roles and responsibilities of an HR manager. Building a sustainable framework for the hospital by using the four phases and six components of the framework in order to provide effective service delivery and patient care. Conclusion The report has thus, discussed the importance of an HR department in a healthcare organization through its roles and responsibilities which includes staffing and placement, legal research, employee management, training and development, general administration and decision making process. This suggests that in order to build a sustainable framework for an organization one must build a HR department to meet the goals and objectives of the organization. Further, the report has discussed the method of building sustainable HR framework which has six components that are leadership, partnership, education, finance, policy and HR management systems. The four phases further helps to develop a plan layout to build the framework. Thus, the CEO of the hospital must ensure to develop a sustainable framework in the hospital. List of References Power, B. (8 February 2012). Focus HR on Process Improvement. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from: https://hbr.org/2012/02/focus-hr-on-process-improvemen Colbert, B.A. Kurucz E.C. (2007). Three Conceptions of Triple Bottom Line Business Sustainability and the Role for HRM. Pro-Quest, 30(1), 21-29. Hongoro, C Normand, C. Health Workers: Building and Motivating the Workforce. NCBI. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11730/?report=printable Brinkerhoff, D.W. Goldsmith, A.A. (March 1992). Promoting the sustainability of development institutions: A framework for strategy. 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